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In January 2009, the bitcoin network was made when Nakamoto mined the first block of the chain, known as the genesis block.1920 Embedded in the coinbase of the block has been the following text:"The Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks. "10 This note has been interpreted as both a timestamp and a comment on the instability brought on by fractional-reserve banking.21:18.

The recipient of the initial bitcoin transaction was cypherpunk Hal Finney, who made the first reusable proof-of-work platform (RPOW) in 2004.22 Finney downloaded the bitcoin applications on its launch date, and on 12 January 2009 received ten bitcoins out of Nakamoto.2324 Other early cypherpunk supporters were creators of bitcoin predecessors: Wei Dai, founder of b-money, and Nick Szabo, creator of bit gold.25 In 2010, the earliest known commercial transaction using bitcoin occurred when programmer Laszlo Hanyecz purchased two Papa John's pizzas for 10,000 bitcoin.26.

Nakamoto is estimated to have mined one million bitcoins27 before disappearing in 2010, when he handed the network alert crucial and control of the code repository over to Gavin Andresen. Andresen afterwards became lead developer at the Bitcoin Foundation.2829 Andresen then sought to decentralize control. This abandoned opportunity for controversy to develop over the future development course of bitcoin.3029.

After ancient"proof-of-concept" transactions, the first important consumers of bitcoin were black markets, such as Silk Road. During its 30 months of existence, beginning in February 2011, Silk Road exclusively accepted bitcoins as payment, transacting 9.9 million in bitcoins, value about $214 million.31:222

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In 2011, the price started at $0.30 each bitcoin, growing to $5.27 for the year. The cost rose to $31.50 on 8 June. Within a month the cost fell to $11.00. The next month it fell to $7.80, and in another month to $4.77.32

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Litecoin, an early bitcoin spin-off or altcoin, appeared in October 2011.33 Many altcoins have been created since then.34

In 2012, bitcoin prices started at $5.27 growing to $13.30 for address the year.32 By 9 January the price had risen to $7.38, but then crashed by 49 percent to $3.80 over the next 16 days. The price then rose to $16.41 on 17 August, but fell by 57 percent to $7.10 within the next 3 days.35.

In March 2013 that the blockchain temporarily split into two independent chains with different rules. The 2 blockchains operated simultaneously for half an hour, each using its own version of the transaction history. Normal operation was restored when the majority of the network downgraded to version 0.7 of the bitcoin applications.37 The Mt.

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Gox experienced processing delays because of insufficient capacity44 resulting in the bitcoin cost dropping from $266 to $76 prior to returning to $160 within six hours.45 The bitcoin cost rose to $259 on 10 April, but then dropped by 83 percent to $45 over the next three days.35 On 15 May 2013, US government captured accounts connected with Mt.

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881.48 This marked the first time a government agency had captured bitcoin.4950 The FBI seized about 26,000 bitcoins in October 2013 in the dark web website Silk Road during the arrest of Ross William Ulbricht.515253 Bitcoin's cost rose to $755 on 19 November and dropped by 50% to $378 exactly the same day.

In 2014, prices began at $770 and dropped to $314 for the calendar year.32 In February 2014 that the Mt. Gox exchange, the largest bitcoin exchange at the time, said that 850,000 bitcoins had been stolen from its own customers, amounting to almost $500 million. Bitcoin's price fell by nearly half, from $867 to $439 (a 49% drop).

In 2015. Prices started at $314 and rose to $434 for year. In 2016 prices climbed to $998 on 1 January 2017.32

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Prices started at $998 in 2017 and climbed to $13,412.44 on 1 January 2018.32 On 17 December bitcoin's price attained an all-time high $19,666.35

China banned trading in bitcoin, with the first measures taken in September 2017, and a complete ban starting 1 February 2018. Bitcoin prices then fell from $9,052 to $6,914 on 5 February 2018.35 The percentage of bitcoin trading in renminbi fell from over 90 percent in September 2017 to less than 1 percent in June.58.

Throughout the remaining first half of 2018, bitcoin's price fluctuated between $11,480 and $5,848. On 1 July 2018 bitcoin's price was 6,469.5960

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Bitcoin prices were negatively influenced by numerous hacks or thefts from cryptocurrency exchanges, including thefts from Coincheck in January 2018, Coinrail and Bithumb in June, and Bancor in July. For its first six months of 2018, $761 million value of cryptocurrencies was reported stolen from exchanges.61 Bitcoin's cost was changed even though other cryptocurrencies were stolen at Coinrail and Bancor, as investors worried about the safety of cryptocurrency exchanges.626364.